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Fast Biology

Codon

Collecting the Numbers We can easily measure some things in biology yet struggle to measure others. Thanks to decades of progress in molecular sequencing technologies, it is simple to read out the order of nucleotides in a DNA sequence, for example, or to quantify messenger RNAs as they are made by a cell.

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Levers for Biological Progress

Codon

For example, cloning DNA molecules and inserting them into cells — a process required for basically all experiments in molecular biology — takes up to a week of work. But looking ahead to the second bottleneck, what does it mean to say that biology is “complex”? Even the humble E.

DNA 107