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The rising impact of biomarkers in early clinical development

Drug Target Review

Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a validated surrogate endpoint for the reduction of microvascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus; reduced HIV-RNA levels serve as an endpoint for HIV disease control; and a reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is used as an endpoint indicating lower likelihood of cardiovascular events.

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Atlas XIV And Reflections On The VC Math Problem

LifeSciVC

combinatorial chemistry, human genetics, functional genomics, mRNA, I/O, CRISPR, RNA editing, and many others). He’s been a leading light in the biotech venture field, investing in essentially every major innovation wave of the last few decades (e.g., We also have historic scar tissue as a firm, and that institutional memory hasn’t gone away.

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Fast Biology

Codon

The ATP synthase “bead” experiment was part of a 2001 study published in the journal Nature. At any given moment, thousands of messenger RNAs are being translated into proteins by ribosomes, which are protein-making machines that are, themselves, made from a mixture of proteins and RNA. This paper is one example.

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Defense-Forward Biosecurity

Codon

When doctors sequenced the DNA and RNA found in Alice’s blood and synovial fluid—the liquid that surrounds and lubricates joints—they found abnormally low levels of genes encoding iron-storing proteins and high levels of epidermal growth factor receptor RNA.

DNA 106
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Eclectic Genomics: Cat Flu, Dolphin Adaptation to Climate Change, Predicting Cancer, and Diagnosing Rare Disease

PLOS: DNA Science

which spit out information guiding the trimming of tumors in real time, a bit reminiscent of its ancestor Hal the computer from 2001: A Space Odyssey. But, they have genomes, built of RNA or DNA. First came RNA bacteriophage MS2, a mere four genes, sequenced in 1976. (A And then in 2001 came us.

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The Dangers of Mirrored Life

Codon

DNA and RNA molecules are also built from exclusively right-handed nucleic acids. Across the tree of life, organisms strictly require exactly one of the two chiral forms of their molecular building blocks — amino acids, nucleotides of RNA and DNA. 4 As far as we know, right-handed proteins never occur naturally.

RNA 104
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Levers for Biological Progress

Codon

Scientists are already building a model that can, for example, look at which RNA molecules are expressed in a cell at t=0 and predict how those molecules will change at t=1. More specifically, it reveals that the price to sequence a human genome fell from $100 million in 2001 to $700 by 2021; a stunning collapse in price.

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