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The instructions to form a cell are encoded in DNA strands, wrapped in proteins and RNA, and wound together into a 3D structure called chromatin. Another finding was that regulatory T cells had distinct chromatin architecture features called DNA loops. Nature reviews immunology [Internet] 2008 July [2023 November 10]; 8:523-32.
And unlike traditional DNA sequencers, which parse genetic material by breaking it up into fragments and interpreting it chunk-by-chunk, a nanopore device unspools a long strand of DNA and reads it all at once. A scientist can isolate DNA and load up a flow cell in fifteen minutes. Nanopore devices work incredibly fast.
Thanks to decades of progress in molecular sequencing technologies, it is simple to read out the order of nucleotides in a DNA sequence, for example, or to quantify messenger RNAs as they are made by a cell. In 2008, researchers at UC Berkeley devised an ingenious solution. But again, how do we know? This paper is one example.
Whether it is determining concentrations of molecules like proteins or DNA, looking at enzyme kinetics for crucial reactions, or measuring something as fundamental as cell growth, you will find references to absorbance or optical density measurements. Online corrected version: (2008) "Absorbance". the "Gold Book") (1997).
gingivalis DNA was detected in postmortem cortices from people with AD and healthy controls, and in CSF of AD patients ( Jan 2019 news on Dominy et al., gingivalis infection led to the appearance of bacterial DNA in the brain, increased brain Aβ42 production, neuroinflammation, and hippocampal degeneration. Epub 2008 Dec 29 PubMed.
Allison Berke makes the case for real-time DNA sequencing and AI tools to detect pathogens before they spread widely. Reading DNA The first step in detecting a novel pathogen is recognizing it as an anomaly amidst a noisy background of other material. After copying the DNA to form a big pool, each piece is sequenced.
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2008). Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models (2008). Technologies DNA Sequencing →DNA sequencing at 40: past, present and future , by Shendure J. Link DNA Cost and Productivity Data, aka "Carlson Curves" , by Carlson R. & Shamir R. Artificial Life (2018). PNAS (2013).
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2008). Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models (2008). Technologies DNA Sequencing →DNA sequencing at 40: past, present and future , by Shendure J. Link DNA Cost and Productivity Data, aka "Carlson Curves" , by Carlson R. & Shamir R. Artificial Life (2018). PNAS (2013).
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