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These multifunctional smallmolecules are like tiny spies, hijacking the body’s natural protein degradation system to remove unwanted proteins. Similarly, PROTACs can target and degrade overexpressed proteins, offering a way to overcome drug resistance, a common issue in cancer treatment.
The researchers turned to CRISPR —a gene editing tool that uses “molecular scissors to cut DNA ,” according to Sanjana—to edit the regions identified by GWAS. The researchers then use CRISPR to target each of the regions of the genomes implicated by GWAS and conduct single-cell sequencing to evaluate gene and proteinexpression.
Several viral vectors are being used currently, in addition to non-viral vectors, such as oligonucleotides, naked DNA, and lipoplexes and polyplexes. They work by binding to specific sequences of nucleotides present within the mRNA structure and can induce mechanisms that either decrease, restore, or modify proteinexpression.
Synthetic biologists have recently designed interacting protein clusters that act as neural networks inside living cells, gene circuits that can switch between OR and AND logic gates based on smallmolecule triggers , and even programmed a community of cells to execute a hashing function widely used in cryptography.
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