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COVID19: Serology is harder than it looks

DrugBaron

More than a month after the World Health Organisation declared COVID19 a global pandemic on 11th March we are still missing one crucial piece of data from our modelling: the fraction of people who have established productive immunity against the SARS-CoV2 virus.

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Advancing vaccine design: potential of peptide mimicry

Drug Target Review

In a new development, a recent paper published in Biology Methods & Protocols by Oxford University Press has highlighted a promising avenue for enhancing vaccine efficacy against infectious pathogens like the COVID-19 virus. The role of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 virus infection [Internet]. Available from: [link]

Vaccine 98
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Second-Generation mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate, CV2CoV, Demonstrates Improved Immune Response and Protection in Preclinical Study

The Pharma Data

Better activation of innate and adaptive immune responses was achieved with CV2CoV, resulting in faster response onset, higher titers of antibodies, and stronger memory B and T cell activation as compared to the first-generation candidate, CVnCoV.

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Not all neoantigens are created equal

Drug Target Review

These newly formed mutated proteins are called neoantigens and they are only present on tumour cells and are not found in normal, healthy cells. These neoantigens are identified by T cells of the immune system as foreign proteins and thus trigger an immune response.

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The immune system’s role in lung cancer risk

Drug Target Review

HLA are the critical molecules that our immune systems use to present peptides to T cells and facilitate recognition and killing in immune responses to pathogens. HLA-II presents peptides to CD4 T cells thought to be important for indirectly helping immune responses and facilitating antibody production.

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The Vaccine Development Landscape and Its Associated Challenges

DrugBank

These epitopes serve as the primary targets for the immune system, triggering a response that protects against future infection. For instance, the influenza virus is notorious for its ability to undergo antigenic drift, accumulating mutations in its surface proteins that can render existing vaccines less effective. 

Vaccine 98
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The effectiveness of nanoparticles in chemotherapy

Drug Target Review

The use of nanoparticles, which are around the size of a virus particle, is a very promising delivery method for overcoming chemotherapy issues. Macrophages were detected as the cells responsible for these negative effects. Macrophages typically consume and clear pathogens and then present the pathogen parts to T cells.